Template:BCP47/doc

This subpage contains documentation, categories, or other content that is not part of the template.
To view the template page itself, see Template:BCP47.

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Usage

This template fixes the current violations of the BCP47 standard (for inclusion in the lang HTML attribute) by Wikimedia sites for their language codes.

It also normalizes these codes to lowercase only (though it is not mandatory).

Use this template only in HTML lang="" attributes, in XML xml:lang="" pseudo-attributes, or in CSS lang() selectors, for tagging the linguistic contents or for creating localisations.

Notes

The template does not replace languages family codes (part of ISO 639-5) such as "cr"="cri" for the Cri family, into any one of their individual languages or macrolanguages (most of these family codes don't have a supported language code for the localisation in MediaWiki). However, Wikimedia sites make some assumptions in a few cases:

"bh"="bih" (Bihari family, the only languages family inherited from ISO 639-1 with a 2-letter code, all others coming from ISO 639-2 with 3-letter code or only present in ISO 639-5), is interpreted as meaning only the single language "bho" (other members of the Bihari family have their own codes from ISO 639-3 and may have their own supported language code for use in interwikis).
"cr"="cri" (Cri family, inherited from ISO 639-1 with a 2-letter code, and later assigned the 3-letter code "cri" in ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-5) and all other family codes are left unchanged, even if they are not supported language codes in Wikimedia (so they should not be used for localisation, but may be used for data classification in some templates). These family language codes are left unchanged by this template. "cr" is however a supported language code for interwikis, but the Cri wiki sites (such as Wikipedia) are in fact multilingual and have to support all of them with separately tagged contents. The "cr" language code is still valid under BCP47, even if it should be deprecated for language tagging of HTML/XML contents, and replaced by individual language codes or macrolanguage codes. The Cri Wikipedia site for example is unable to define its own default content language, so users have to select their prefered language in their browser (the Universal Language Selector does not work there as it cannot return "cr" as the current selection for user preferences, it may however return some individual language code from the Cri family, but contents (pages, templates, medias...) will need to be sorted, or the site should support multilingual internationalisation like Commons.

Most macrolanguages are left unchanged by this template, but some of them are considered as supported languages (with a valid interwiki code):

"zh"="zho" (Chinese macrolanguage) actually means "cmn" for Mandarin in Wikimedia sites (there is little or no difference in its written form using Han sinograms between members of this macrolanguage); for some medias however (audio and videos, or for phonetic transcriptions), the difference between members of the macrolanguage is significant. For this reason, members of the Chinese macrolanguage other than Mandarin must use their own ISO 639-3 isolated language code.
some old BCP47 codes (which have been retired from ISO 639) are no longer supported and have replacement codes. This is the case of "mo" for Moldavian, considered now as an alias of "ro" for Romanian. However in Wikimedia sites, the interwiki code "mo" means Romanian in the Cyrillic script, i.e. "ro-cyrl", when the language code "ro" is actually the same as "ro-Latn" (both "ro" and "mo" are used as interwiki codes, even if only one is valid for BCP47).

All violations of the BCP47 standard by Wikimedia language codes (used in interwikis) are fixed by his template, but most language codes are not checked for existence or for eing wellformed, so they will remain intact if the template is used with such codes. The template also does not assume if these languages are supported by Wikimedia: all valid BCP47 codes will be accepted, violations in supported language codes will be corrected, but the template cannot be used to validate these codes.

However, all languages codes supported by Wikimedia sites should be replaced by conforming BCP47 codes in this template, so that HTML validators will not warn or return an error about them in pages rendered by Wikimedia sites, and so that no browser and other softwares (such as web content indexing robots) will run into some quirks mode for rendering texts or misinterpret it.

Examples

Unaffected codes (most of them, valid for use HTML/XML/CSS, are not valid interwikis), for example:
- "{{BCP47|en}}" returns: "en"
- "{{BCP47|nb}}" returns: "nb" (same as "no" only where it's used by interwikis on Wikimedia sites)
- "{{BCP47|zh-hans}}" returns: "zh-hans"
- "{{BCP47|zh-hant}}" returns: "zh-hant"
- "{{BCP47|zh-cn}}" returns: "zh-cn"
Changes preferable with BCP47 for improved interoperability (not really violations, these replacements for HTML/XML/CSS should not be used for interwikis, as long as their domain names are not aliased):
- "{{BCP47|be-x-old}}" returns: "be-tarask"
- "{{BCP47|bh}}" returns: "bho" (it's an old ISO 639-1 code for a language family, valid for BCP47 but not recommended, but Wikimedia uses it to mean only "bho" in that family, and replaces this ISO 639-1 code in HTML contents by the ISO 639-3 code)
- "{{BCP47|mo}}" returns: "ro-cyrl"
- "{{BCP47|no-bok}}" returns: "nb" (same as "no"only where it's used by interwikis on Wikimedia sites)
- "{{BCP47|no-nyn}}" returns: "nn"
- "{{BCP47|zh-cmn}}" returns: "cmn" (alias of "zh" on Wikimedia sites ?)
- "{{BCP47|zh-wuu}}" returns: "wuu"
- "{{BCP47|zh-yue}}" returns: "yue"
The following codes are not recommended (they are unnecessary aliases with preferred values) but they are still conforming to the standard and are not affected (this template still does not resolve them to their canonical codes):
- "{{BCP47|en-latn}}" returns: "en-latn" (alias of "en"?)
- "{{BCP47|zh-cmn-hans-cn}}" returns: "zh-cmn-hans-cn" (alias of "cmn-hans-cn"? or simply "zh-hans-cn"?)
Changes required by BCP47 (due to standard violation), using standard codes when they exist (but these replacements for HTML/XML/CSS conformance are not valid in interwikis, as long as their domains are not aliased):
- "{{BCP47|als}}" returns: "gsw"
- "{{BCP47|bat-smg}}" returns: "sgs"
- "{{BCP47|fiu-vro}}" returns: "vro"
- "{{BCP47|roa-rup}}" returns: "rup"
- "{{BCP47|simple}}" returns: "en"
- "{{BCP47|sr-sc}}" returns: "sr-sc"
- "{{BCP47|sr-sl}}" returns: "sr-sl"
- "{{BCP47|zh-classical}}" returns: "lzh"
Changes required by BCP47 (due to standard violation), currently using private-use extensions:
- "{{BCP47|cbk-zam}}" returns: "cbk-x-zam"
- "{{BCP47|de-formal}}" returns: "de"
- "{{BCP47|eml}}" returns: "egl"
- "{{BCP47|map-bms}}" returns: "jv-x-bms"
- "{{BCP47|nl-informal}}" returns: "nl"
- "{{BCP47|nrm}}" returns: "nrf"
- "{{BCP47|roa-tara}}" returns: "it-x-tara"